The potential for a posthumous dispute over the provisions of a Will can seem disconcerting for anyone who has taken the time to carefully consider, and have committed to writing, what they’d like to bequeath — or not as the case may be — to those that they leave behind.
The question is, therefore, is it really worth making a Last Will and Testament?
What are Inheritance Act claims?
When insufficient or no financial provision has been made for a particular individual under the terms of a Last Will and Testament, that person may be able to make a claim against the deceased’s estate. This is known as an Inheritance Act claim, or more accurately a claim under the Inheritance (Provision for Family and Dependants) Act 1975 (“the 1975 Act”).
The 1975 Act gives the court a relatively wide discretion, within certain legislative parameters, to vary the distribution of the deceased’s estate so as to make financial provision — such as a single lump sum, regular payments or transfer of property — for relatives and dependants.
Those eligible to make a claim under the Act include the deceased’s spouse or civil partner, or former spouse or civil partner, provided they’ve not remarried or entered into a subsequent civil partnership; anyone cohabiting with the deceased for a period of at least two years prior to the date of their death; any child of the deceased, including adult children; anyone treated as a child by the deceased during their lifetime, including adopted or stepchildren; and anyone else who was financially dependent on the deceased immediately before they died.
The court can make an order where it’s satisfied that reasonable financial provision has not been made under the Will. A spouse or civil partner will usually be entitled to such financial provision as is deemed reasonable in all of the circumstances, regardless of whether or not that provision is actually required for their maintenance, whilst other family members or dependants will be entitled to such financial provision as it would be reasonable for them to receive for their maintenance.
Is it still worth making a Will?
The legal starting point is that you can leave your worldly assets to whomever you choose, although the 1975 Act provides a safety net for eligible claimants who can show that they require more financial provision than they’re entitled to receive under the terms of any Will.
That said, Inheritance Act claims are not clear cut, where much will depend on the nature of the relationship between the claimant and deceased during their lifetime. The court will also take into account, for example, the financial resources and needs of the claimant, and of any beneficiaries, and the size and nature of the deceased’s estate. The court can even have regard to the claimant’s conduct. This essentially means that a claim will not automatically succeed.
In short, the possibility of a claim, which must usually be brought within just six months of the grant of probate, combined with the hurdles that a claimant must clear to persuade a court to grant their demands, should not deter you from making a Will. In the majority of cases, family members and dependants will accept a testator’s final wishes without protest.
It’s also worth bearing in mind that by failing to leave a Will, under the strict rules of intestacy, those that you would want to benefit from your estate may be left with absolutely nothing — leaving them with the overwhelming burden of bringing an Inheritance Act claim.
Legal disclaimer
The matters contained herein are intended to be for general information purposes only. This blog does not constitute legal advice, nor is it a complete or authoritative statement of the law in England and Wales and should not be treated as such. Whilst every effort is made to ensure that the information is correct, no warranty, express or implied, is given as to its’ accuracy, and no liability is accepted for any error or omission. Before acting on any of the information contained herein, expert legal advice should always be sought.